Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease or periodontitis, is a progressive condition that affects the gums and underlying jawbone. If left untreated, it can lead to loose and unstable teeth, eventually resulting in tooth loss. In fact, periodontal disease is the primary cause of tooth loss in adults in developed countries.
The disease begins with plaque, a sticky film containing toxins, attacking the soft tissue surrounding the teeth, known as the gingiva. Bacteria multiply rapidly, leading to a bacterial infection. As the infection progresses, it penetrates deeper into the tissue, causing inflammation and irritation between the teeth and gums. In response, the body tries to eliminate the infected tissue, leading to gum recession. This creates pockets between the teeth, which deepen over time. Without treatment, the infection also affects the jawbone, causing further gum recession, loose teeth, and eventual tooth loss. It is important to take periodontal disease seriously and seek appropriate treatment.
Types of Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease encompasses various types, each with its own manifestations. Timely treatment by a periodontist is essential to stop the disease's progression and preserve gum tissue and bone. Here are some common types of periodontal disease and their typical treatments:
Gingivitis: This is the mildest form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums. Treatment involves professional dental cleaning and improved oral hygiene practices at home.
Chronic periodontitis: It is the most common form of periodontal disease, involving the inflammation and progressive destruction of gum tissue and bone. Treatment includes scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), medication, and, in advanced cases, surgical intervention.
Aggressive periodontitis: This type of periodontal disease progresses rapidly and affects individuals who are otherwise healthy. Treatment may involve scaling and root planing, antibiotic therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical procedures.
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases: Certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, can contribute to periodontal disease. Management involves coordination with the patient's healthcare provider and targeted periodontal treatment.
Necrotizing periodontal diseases: These are characterized by the death of gum tissue, resulting in severe infection and damage. Treatment involves immediate professional intervention, including removal of dead tissue, antibiotic therapy, and supportive care.
Each type of periodontal disease requires individualized treatment plans, including a combination of non-surgical and surgical interventions. Seeking prompt and appropriate care from a periodontist is vital to address the specific form of periodontal disease and achieve optimal oral health.
If you have any question or concerns about the different types of periodontal disease and treatments, please ask your dentist.